The Holy Quran
They
Ask You Concerning The Spirit
They
ask thee concerning the Spirit.
Say: "The Spirit (cometh) by command of my Lord:
Of knowledge it is only a little that is communicated to
you."
If it were Our Will, We could take away that which We have
sent thee by inspiration:
Then wouldst thou find none to plead thy affair in that
matter against Us.
surah
17: 85-86 Al Isra' (The Night Journey)
Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The
Holy Qur'an, 1989.)
Verily it is We who give
life and death;
And to Us is the Final Goal.
surah
50:43 Qaf
(Abdullah
Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur'an, Amana Corporation, 1989.)
The
Qur'an confirms that little knowledge is given to the
Muslims concerning His Ruh (Holy Spirit or Adi Shakti).
Allah had already revealed that the Trinity was a false
conjectured doctrine. Any attempt to explain His
Ruh would have only confused the illiterate desert dwellers,
and even smack of hypocrisy and falsehood as "there
were quite a number of idols or gods worshipped among the
Arabs, and sura 71.23 bears witness to this. There is also
that surprisingly frank account in the Qur'an of the
occasion when the Prophet apparently made somewhat of a
concession to paganism in reciting sura 53.19-20 concerning
Al-Lat, Al-'Uzza and Manat, the goddesses of the Sun, of
Venus and of Fate respectively. . . However, it is obvious
that idolatry was rife at the time of Muhammad. He was not
going to have an easy time convincing his people of the
existence of one true God. Worship of Al-Lat was extremely
widespread, and her means "the goddess." "
Thus whatever
was revealed of the Spirit of Allah to Prophet Muhammad was
the barest minimum in order to contain a volatile situation.
But the fact remains that Allah made it a point to mention His
Spirit without revealing anything about it's nature. This seemingly
frivolous act 14 centuries ago today burst forth in all
splendor as His Ruh proclaims and explains Al-Qiyamah to all
humankind. The little information 1400 years ago is now an
Oasis of Knowledge for all Believers to drink. The Holy
Qur'an, an indisputable revealed book, literally breathes
with precise prophecies and fulfilled promises for all His
children of various traditions.
The Qur'an uses two terms "Ruh-Allah" and "Ar-Ruh-Al-Qudus"
for the Spirit of God. Such is the case in the following
references: "We gave unto Jesus, son of Mary, clear
proofs [of Allah's sovereignty], and we supported him with
the Holy Spirit [ar-Ruh-al Qudus]," (Surah 2, Al-Baqarah,
The Cow: 87).
"When Allah saith: O Jesus,
son of Mary! Remember My favour unto thee and unto thy mother;
how I strengthened thee with the Holy Spirit [al-Ruh al-Qudus],
so that the Scripture and Wisdom and the Torah and the Gospel .
. . and thou didst heal him who was born blind and the leper by
My permission; and how thou didst raise the dead, by My
permission" (Surah 5 Al-Ma'idah, The Table Spread: 110).
"Go, O my sons, and
ascertain concerning Joseph and his brother, and despair not the
Spirit of Allah [Ruh-Allah]" (Surah 12, Joseph: 87).
Note that the above quotations
from the Qur'an make reference to God, to His Word, and to His
Spirit. If one examines these references carefully, one could
agree that the Qu'ran does indeed teach a belief in the Word of
Allah, and the Spirit of Allah as well as in Allah the Almighty.
Hamid S. Aziz (Islam For Modern Students) has this to say
about the Spirit of Allah:
"Some
people have asked about the concept of Spirit in Islam, and
there appear to be several views about this. Here, this
concept will be examined using all references to it in the
Quran.
The
word spirit is connected with breath and, therefore, with air.
The breath is what keeps us alive and yet air was a mystery in
that it was invisible. Spirit, therefore, stands for something
very subtle. It refers to inner experiences - consciousness,
conscience and will. It is responsible for revelation,
inspiration, intuition and insight as opposed to knowledge
which comes through the outer senses. The Spirit is by the
Command of Allah:-
"They
ask thee concerning the Spirit. Say: The Spirit is by
command of my Lord, and of knowledge ye have been vouchsafed
but little." 17:85
"It
is naught save mercy from thy Lord." 17:87
We
may suppose that it refers to something very fundamental which
cannot be explained in terms of anything else. It is by or
comes by the command of Allah. It may refer to a fundamental
force in the Universe which carries information or Truth, for
Allah has created everything with his Word and with Truth. It
is likely that the stage by stage condensation of the Spirit
is responsible for all levels of the heavens and earths.
"Allah
it is who created seven heavens and of the earth the like
thereof. The Commandment cometh down among them slowly, that
ye may know that Allah is able to do all things, and that
Allah surroundeth all things in knowledge." 65:12
"But
His command when he intendeth a thing, is only that he says
unto it: Be! And it is " 36:82
"He
created the heavens and the earth with truth, and He shaped
you and made good your shapes and unto Him is the
journeying." 64:3 and 6:73
"His
Word is Truth, and His will be the Sovereignty on the day
when the trumpet is blown." 6:74
The
Spirit ascends into Heaven and descends into the earth.
"From
Allah, Lord of the Ascending Stairways whereby the angels
and the spirit ascend unto Him in a Day whereof the span is
fifty thousand years." 70:3-4
"The
Night of Power is better than a thousand months. The angels
and the Spirit descend therein by the permission of their
Lord, with all decrees. Peace until the rising of the
Dawn." 97:3-5
These
two verses speak about two different cycles of events -
there appears to be a spiritual circulation.
"Lord
of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them,
the Beneficent; with Whom none can argue. On the Day when
the angels and the Spirit stand arrayed, they speak not,
saving him whom the Beneficent allows and who speaks right.
That is the True Day. So whoso will should seek recourse
unto his Lord." 78:38
This
refers to the Final Day of Judgement. The Universe itself is a
cycle and will be wound up (28:88). Things begin with the
Spirit and end with it. The Divine Spirit has been breathed
into man and this is what gives him consciousness:-
"So
when I have made him (man) and have breathed into him of My
Spirit, do ye (angels) fall down, prostrating yourselves
unto him." 15:29 also 38:72
"He
directed the ordinance from the heavens unto the earth; then
it ascends unto Him in a Day, whereof the measure is a
thousand years of that ye reckon. Such is the knower of the
invisible and the visible, the Mighty, the Merciful, who
made all things good which He created, and He began the
creation of man from clay; then He made his seed from a
draught of despised fluid; then He fashioned him and
breathed into him of His spirit; and appointed for you
hearing, and sight and hearts. Small thanks give ye! And
they say: When we are lost in the earth, how can we then be
re-created? Nay but they are disbelievers in the meeting
with their Lord." 32:7-10
Note:
-
(1)
the change of person from the third to the second - he has
become aware of himself. He has received some of the qualities
of the creator.
(2)
Three faculties are mentioned - hearing, seeing and feeling.
These should be understood as referring not just to outer
senses, but to inner ones, in particular to conscience,
consciousness and will.
(3)
that "small thanks" refers to ungratefulness -
people do not act according to the spirit in them. The spirit
has become dormant.
(4)
The possibility of resurrection is connected with the spirit.
However,
we have to distinguish Nafs (soul) from Ruh (spirit). Whereas
the Spirit is a Universal principle, each person has his own
soul and it can degenerate or it can be made to grow.
"Be
careful of your duty to your Lord Who created you from a
single soul and from it created its mate and from them twain
has spread abroad a multitude of men and women." 4:1
and 7:189
"And
the soul and Him who perfected it and inspired it with
(conscience of) what is wrong for it and what is right for
it. He indeed is successful who causes it to grow, and he
indeed is a failure who stunts it." 91:7-10
"Surely
We created man in the best stature, then We reduced him to
the lowest of the low, save those who believe and do good
works and theirs is a reward unfailing. So who henceforth
will give the lie to thee about the judgement? Is not Allah
the most conclusive of all judges?" 95:4-8
"Whosoever
does right, it is only for the good of his own soul that he
does right, and whosoever errs, errs only to its hurt. No
laden soul can bear another's load. We never punish until We
have sent a messenger." 17:15
Also
2:223,231, 3:25,30, 5:105, 6:12,20,70,164, 7:53, 9:42, 10:108,
11:21, 14:51, 20:15 and many more.
The
soul may be regarded as a local organisation of the spirit and
contains the information relating to the individual (his
inherited and acquired characteristics and those created by
his own efforts at integration). That consciousness is
connected with the soul can be seen from the fact that sleep
and death are alike:-
"Allah
receives souls at the time of their death, and the soul
which dies not in its sleep. He keeps that soul for which he
has ordained death and dismisses the rest till an appointed
term. Lo! Herein verily are signs for people who take
thought." 39:42
The
existence of the Spirit within man makes him a Vicegerent, a
person who ought to be serving Allah, and exercising the
faculties he has received on behalf of Allah. He was made as
an instrument through which Allah can act more directly.
"When
thy Lord said unto the angels: Lo! I am about to place a
Vicegerent in the earth, they said: Wilt Thou place therein
one who will do harm therein and will shed blood, while we,
we hymn Thy praise and sanctify Thee? He said: Surely I know
that which ye know not. And He taught Adam all the Names,
then showed them to the angels, saying: Inform me of the
Names of these if ye are truthful. They said: Be glorified!
We have no knowledge saving that which Thou hast taught us.
Lo! Thou, only Thou, art the Knower, Wise." 2:30-32.
Man,
having been given some of the divine powers could act partly
independently with his own initiative, creativity and sense of
responsibility, though still dependent for these powers on
Allah. This independence is not possible for the angels. In
particular man was given the capacity to form concepts (the
Names may also refer to the Attributes of Allah). It is this
which gave him the power to do the evil and chaos which the
angels feared, but Allah knew better. He could through
experiences and trials lead them towards voluntary surrender.
The
spirit exists in man as a Trust:-
"Lo!
We offered the Trust unto the heavens and the earth and the
hills, but they shrank from bearing it and were afraid of
it. And man assumed it. Lo! He has proved a tyrant and a
fool." 33:72
Here
again we see that man is accused of not allowing it operate on
behalf of God.
"Nay
verily man is rebellious that he thinks himself independent.
lo! Unto thy Lord is the return." 96:6-8
This
dormant spirit in man can be reactivated by the Messengers.
These are persons who have already been chosen by Allah to be
guided by the Spirit.
"He
sends down the angels with the Spirit of His Command unto
whom He will of His bondmen saying: Warn mankind that there
is no god save Me, so keep your duty unto Me. He hath
created the heavens and the earth with truth. High be He
exalted above all that they associate with Him." 16:2-3
"The
Exalter of ranks, the lord of the Throne, He casts the
Spirit of His command upon whom He will of His slaves, that
He may warn of the Day of Meeting." 40:15
"O
you who believe! Obey Allah and the Messenger when He calls
you to that which quickens you (brings you alive), and know
that Allah comes in between the man and his own heart, and
that He it is unto Whom ye will be gathered." 8:24
"Even
as We have sent unto you a messenger from among you, who
recites unto you Our revelations and causes you to grow, and
teaches you the Scripture and Wisdom, and teaches you that
which ye knew not." 2:151
Muhammad
was such a messenger:-
"Say
(O Muhammad): The Holy Spirit hath revealed it (the Quran)
from thy Lord with Truth, that it may confirm the faith of
those who believe and as a guidance and Good Tidings
(gospels) for those who have Surrendered (to Allah)."
16:102
"And
thus have We inspired in thee (Muhammad) a Spirit of Our
Command. Thou knowest not what the Scripture was nor what
the Faith. But We have made it a light whereby We guide whom
We will of Our bondmen. And lo! Thou verily dost guide unto
a right path., the path of Allah, unto whom belongs
whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth.
Do not all things reach Allah at last?" 42:52-53
"And
lo! It (the Quran) is a revelation of the Lord of the Worlds
which the True Spirit hath brought down upon thy heart, that
thou mayest be one of the warners in plain Arabic
speech." 26:192-195
Note
that there is a connection between the notion of Spirit and
Light. The spiritual regeneration or resurrection is brought
about thus:-
"Is
he who was dead and We have raised him unto life, and set
for him a light wherein he walks among men, as him whose
similitude is in utter darkness whence he cannot emerge?
Thus is their conduct made fair seeming for the
disbelievers." 6:123
Other
Prophets were also inspired:-
"Lo!
We inspire thee as We inspired Noah and the Prophets after
him, as We inspired Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob
and the tribes, and Jesus and Job and Jonah and Aaron and
Solomon, and as We imparted unto David the Psalms. And
messengers We have mentioned unto thee before and messengers
We have not mentioned unto thee; and Allah spake directly
unto Moses." 5:163-164 and many other verses.
Believers
are also strengthened with the Spirit:-
"Thou
wilt not find folk who believe in Allah and the Last Day
loving those who oppose Allah and His messenger, even though
they be their fathers or their sons or their brethren or
their clan. As for such, He hath written faith upon their
hearts and had strengthened them with the Sprit from Him,
and He will bring them into Gardens underneath which rivers
flow, wherein they will abide. Allah is well pleased with
them and they are well pleased with Him. They are Allah's
Party. Lo! Is it not Allah's Party who are the
successful?" 58:22 Compare this with 89:27-30
Jesus
was such a Messenger:-
"And
verily We gave unto Moses the scripture and we caused a
train of messengers to follow after him, and We gave Jesus,
son of Mary, clear proofs, and We supported him with the
Holy Spirit. Is it ever so, that when there comes unto you a
messenger from Allah with that which you yourselves desire
not, you grow arrogant, and some disbelieve and some you
slay." 2:87
"And
those messengers, some of whom We have caused to excel
others, and of whom there are some unto whom Allah spake,
while some of them He exalted above others in degree; and We
gave Jesus, son of Mary, clear proofs and We supported him
with the Holy Spirit. And if Allah had so willed it, those
who followed after them would not have fought one with
another after the clear proof had come unto them. But they
differed, some of them believing and so disbelieving. And if
Allah had so willed they would not have fought one with
another, but Allah does what He will." 2:253
"When
Allah said: O Jesus son of Mary! Remember My favour unto
thee and unto thy mother; how I strengthened thee with the
Holy Spirit, so that thou spakest unto mankind in the cradle
as in maturity; and how I taught thee the Scripture and
Wisdom and the Torah and the Gospel and when I inspired the
disciples saying: Believe in Me and My Messenger, they said:
We believe. Bear witness that we have surrendered unto Thee
(i.e become muslim)" 5:110-111
"And
when Jesus, son of Mary, said; O children of Israel! Lo! I
am the messenger of Allah unto you, confirming that which
was revealed before me in the Torah, and bringing good
tidings of a messenger who comes after me, whose name is the
Praised One. yet when he hath come unto them with clear
proofs, they say; This is mere magic." 61:6 See also
3:50
"But
when Jesus became conscious of their disbelief, he cried:
Who will be my helpers in the cause of Allah? The disciples
said: We will be Allah's helpers. We believe in Allah and
bear thou witness that we have surrendered unto Him (i.e
become muslim)." 3:52
Since,
the Spirit is in all human beings, the Quran does not regard
Jesus as being more than human.
"The
Messiah, son of Mary, was no other than a messenger,
messengers the like of whom had passed away before him. And
his mother was a saintly woman. And they both used to eat
food. See how We make the revelations clear for them and see
how they turn away!" 5:75
"O
people of the Scripture! Do not exaggerate in your religion
nor utter aught concerning Allah save the truth. The
Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was only a messenger of Allah
and His word which He conveyed unto Mary, and a spirit from
Him." 4:171
"Lo!
The likeness of Jesus with Allah is as the likeness of Adam.
He created him of dust, then He said unto him: Be! And he
is." 3:59
This
is, of course, how Allah crated all things.
"When
the angel said: O Mary! Lo! Allah gives thee glad tidings of
a word from Him, whose name is the Messiah, Jesus, son of
Mary, illustrious in the world and the Hereafter, and one of
those brought near (unto Allah)." 3:45
"Then
We sent unto her (Mary) Our Spirit and it assumed for her
the likeness of a perfect man. She said: Lo! I seek refuge
in the Beneficent One from thee, if thou art God-fearing. He
said: I am only a Messenger of thy Lord, that I may bestow
on thee a faultless son. She said: How can I have a son when
no mortal has touched me, neither have I been unchaste? He
said: So it will be. Thy Lord saith: It is easy for Me. And
it will be that We may make of him a revelation for mankind
and a mercy from Us, and it is thing ordained."
19:17-21
Note
that:-
1.
The Spirit is a Messenger from God, something which transmits
truth.
2.
The Spirit appeared in the form of a man. This appearance has
been called Gabriel. Gabriel is said to be an Archangel made
of spirit as angels are made of light and jinn of fire.
3.
Jesus is the Messiah, and a Revelation for mankind which had
been pre-ordained. He is a revelation in the same sense that
the Quran is a revelation.
The
conception of Jesus is described as follows:-
"And
she who was chaste, therefore We breathed into her something
of Our Spirit and made her and her son a token for all
people." 21:91 and also 66:12
This
is, of course, how Allah introduced the Spirit into man.
"Remember
when Allah said: O Jesus! Lo! I am gathering thee and
causing thee to ascend unto Me, and am cleansing thee of
those who disbelieve and am setting those who follow thee
above those who disbelieve until the Day of resurrection.
Then unto Me ye will all return, and I shall judge between
you as to that wherein ye used to differ." 3:55
Being
a word and spirit from Allah, he was not crucified though it
seemed so outwardly.:-
"And
because of their saying: We slew the messiah, Jesus, son of
Mary, Allah's Messenger - They slew him not nor crucified,
but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree
concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge
thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for
certain. But Allah took him up unto Himself. Allah was ever
Mighty, Wise." 4:157-158
So
there need really be no argument between Muslim and Christian
- it appeared unto them that Jesus had been crucified and
died. The reason why the Quran denies that Jesus was crucified
seems to be as follows: - Christians think that it is the
sacrifice of Jesus which was necessary to save them from Hell,
that by so doing he paid for their sins. This idea also made
it necessary to think of Jesus as a god, son of God, which the
Quran denies. This sacrifice was previously symbolised by the
willingness of Abraham to sacrifice his son. But, in fact, the
son was substituted by a lamb. They also suppose that he was
resurrected after this death and it is this which gives proof
that resurrection is possible. But the Islamic position is
that if Jesus died and was revived, then there was really no
sacrifice. It still remains true that everyone will be judged
by their own deeds. People may, however repent and ask for
forgiveness. Allah is quite able to forgive sins without the
sacrifices of a mediator. Christians have made Jesus the focus
of their religion whereas Jesus himself wanted them to focus
on God (John 17:3-6,12 Matthew 7:21-23). The gist of his
teaching was about how spiritual resurrection could be
obtained within this life (See John 1:12-13, 3:3-7). Final
resurrection will take place in any case and may lead you to
Hell.
It
is true that Jesus devoted his life to Allah and to teaching
people and was willing to bear their persecution, but this is
also true of other Prophets. The Christian position is that
God loved the world so much that he sent His son (John 3:16)
who also loved mankind so much that he was willing to
sacrifice himself for them (John 15:13). The position of the
Quran is that all Prophets and Messengers and their scriptures
were sent to mankind as a Mercy from Allah (6:12, 6:54,157,
7:203, 21:107 and many more). It is this love which should
induce in man a reciprocal love and this in turn should lead
to surrender and resurrection. The Quran assumes that such
love exists:-
"Say
(O Muhammad unto mankind): If you love Allah, follow me.
Allah will love you and forgive your sins. Allah is
Forgiving, Merciful."
Resurrection
through love is also seen in the following verse:-
"And
when Abraham said: My Lord! Show me how Thou givest life to
the dead, He said: Dost thou not believe? Abraham said: Yea,
but I ask in order that my heart may be at ease. His Lord
said: Take four of the birds and cause them to incline unto
thee, then place a part of them on each hill, then call
them, they will come to thee in haste. And know that Allah
is Mighty, Wise." 2:260
However,
Jesus is a sign of the Day of Resurrection.
"And
lo! Verily, he is a Sign of the Hour. So doubt not
concerning it, but follow Me. This is the Straight
Path." 43:61
This
may mean several things: - that his return will be the
beginning of the Day of Resurrection which may imply a
world-wide spiritual revival or the Final Day of Judgement;
that he is an example of the spiritual resurrection; that he
represents the technique mentioned in 2:260 above. Note the
Straight Path.
Since
resurrection is connected with the spirit, there are three
ways in which this can be understood:-
(1)
the spiritual resurrection of individuals (who are spiritually
dead). e.g. 6:123
(2)
the spiritual regeneration of a people or community.
(3)
The Resurrection of all humanity including all those who have
died physically in the past.
The
spiritually unregenerate individual, being spiritually dead
will, on physical death, cease to exist until the Day of
Resurrection when he will be revived. But since this a period
of unconsciousness, no time will have passed.
"And
on the day when the Hour riseth the guilty will vow that
they tarried but an hour - thus were they ever deceived.
But those to whom knowledge and faith are given will say:
The truth is, ye have tarried by Allah's decree until the
Day of Resurrection. This is the day of Resurrection, but
you used not to know." 30:55-56 See also 10:46, 17:52,
23:112-114 etc.
It
is possible that there is a series of death and
reincarnation:-
"Thou
causest the night to pass into day, and Thou causest the day
to pass into night. And Thou bringest forth the living from
the dead, and Thou bringest forth the dead from the living.
And Thou givest sustenance to whom Thou choosest without
stint." 3:27
"Ye
shall journey from plane to plane." 84:19
But
from the Islamic point of view, if you are not conscious of
your past lives then this idea is meaningless. As far as the
individual is concerned there are just three conditions: -
the time before birth, this life, and the hereafter.
"How
disbelieve ye in Allah when ye were dead and He gave you
life. Then He will give you death, then life again, and then
unto Him ye will return." 2:28
The
Day of Resurrection is the Day when a person becomes conscious
of his past life.
"And
the trumpet is blown. This is the threatened Day. And every
soul comes along with it a driver and a witness. (And it is
said): Thou wast in heedlessness of this. Now We have
removed from thee thy covering, and piercing is thy sight
this day." 50:20-22
However,
the people of faith, as we see from 30:56 above, are
different:-
"Think
not of those, who are slain in the way of Allah, as dead.
Nay, they are living. With their Lord they have
provision." 3:169
"Whoso
obeys Allah and the Messenger, they are with those unto whom
Allah has shown favour, of the Prophets and the saints, and
the martyrs and the righteous. The best of company are
they." 4:69
Though
this immortality is not explicitly stated about the others, it
a question of understanding what "slain in the way of
Allah" means. It could mean one who has "died to
this world" in so far as ambitions, greed etc are
concerned - he has sacrificed these in the service of Allah.
All these may be regarded as being alive in some other state.
It could be that they might also reincarnate as teachers and
guides as Jesus is expected to do.
As
far as communities are concerned, the Quran appears to
recognise the rise and fall of civilisations. The rise
initially requires a spiritual impulse. But the deterioration
takes place automatically by material laws (the Second Law of
Thermodynamics). Ordinary experience shows that conscious
efforts are required to learn anything new, but that things
become habitual, automatic, tradition bound and deteriorate.
This is indicated in verses such as the following:-
"Systems
have passed away before you. Do but travel in the land and
see the nature of the consequences for those who did deny
(the Messengers)." 3:137
"O
mankind! If ye are in doubt concerning the Resurrection,
then lo!.... And thou seest the earth barren, but when We
send down rain thereon, it doth thrill and swell and put
forth every lovely kind. That is because Allah, He is the
Truth. Lo! He quickeneth the dead, and lo! He is Able to do
all things." 21:5-6
"And
who sends down water from the sky in due measure, and We
revive a dead land therewith. Even so will you be brought
forth." 43:11 See also 36:33 and 50:11
"If
He will He can remove you and cause what He will to follow
after you, even as He raised you from the seed of other
folk. Lo! that which ye are promised will surely come to
pass, and ye cannot escape." 6:134-135 See also 4:133
"And
every nation (or community) has its term. When its terms
comes they cannot put it off an hour, nor yet advance
it." Quran 7:34
"And
for every nation there is a messenger. And when their
messenger comes (on the Day of judgement) it will be judged
between them fairly, and they will not be wronged."
10:48
"For
every message there is a term, and soon shall ye know
it." Quran 6:67
The
Final Day of Judgement is symbolically described thus:-
"And
the trumpet is blown, and all who are in the heavens and the
earth swoon away save him whom Allah wills. Then it is blown
a second time, and behold them standing waiting! And the
earth shines with the light of her Lord, and the Book is set
up, and the Prophets and the witnesses are brought, and it
is judged between them with truth, and they are not wronged.
And each soul is paid in full for what it did."
39:68-70
"Have they not seen how many generations We destroyed
before them which indeed return not unto them. But all
without exception will be brought before Us." 36:31-32
There
is some controversy about whether this is a physical
resurrection (reincarnation) or a purely spiritual one. It
depends on how the following is interpreted:-
"Until
when death comes unto one of them, he says: My Lord! Send me
back, that I may do right in that which I have left behind.
But nay! It is but a word that he speaks; and behind them is
a Barrier until the day when they are raised. And when the
trumpet is blown there will be no kinship among them that
day, nor will they ask of one another. Then those whose
scales are heavy, they are the successful. And those whose
scales are light are those who lose their souls in hell
abiding." 23:99-103
Perhaps
it does not really matter whether it is a reincarnation or not
because everyone will see the world they come to as being just
as solid and real as this one.
After
the resurrection and Judgement:-
"And
ye will be of three kinds: those on the right hand.... those
on the left hand.... And the Foremost in the race, the
foremost in the race; those are they who will be brought
nigh in Gardens of delight; a multitude of those of old and
a few of those of later time..." 56:7-14
It
is likely that it is these from among the Foremost who descend
again into the physical plane as Messengers. Jesus, for
instance, is expected to return."
H.S.
Aziz, Wednesday, Nov. 25, 1998, 9:57 AM
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Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi is His Ruh sent to collect, promulgate, recite, explain and announce the Resurrection
(Al Qiyamah) to all humankind, as promised in the Quran.
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"Adi
Shakti's Power is Divine; is described in every
religion. Same in Islam called Ruh. In Bible is
called the All- Pervading Power. It's called as
Alak - that cannot be seen; Niranjana, the One
that is beyond any attachment . . .
All these words are used for this Divine Power.
People have heard about it; people have sung about
it but unfortunately very few people felt it. And
when they felt it they didn't know how to give
it to others; how to make others feel it.
So whatever they talked became sort of story or
some nonsensical thing. Nobody could believe that
they have felt anything like that or could imagine
that there is such a Power really existing.
Now luckily it has become quite a universal fact
for all of you - that you know there is this
Power. You are sure about this Power because you
can feel it within yourself. And when you feel it
you feel very joyous . . . the Power of Adi Shakti
(Ruh of Allah) - She tells you the Truth."
Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi
Cabella, Italy - June 9, 1996
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Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi is His Ruh sent to collect, promulgate, recite, explain and announce the Resurrection
(Al Qiyamah) to all humankind, as promised in the Quran.
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"The Primordial
Mother was the Primordial Power of Divine Love. The Power of God
separated from God itself. God was the Witness - Witness of
the Play of the Divine Power. There is no difference between the
Two. God Almighty and His Power are just like the sun and his
rays. For us, for human beings it is impossible to conceive the
mystery. Moreover, in our ego, we think we can understand
Him."
Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi
The
Mystery Of God, U.K. - June 8, 1981
LAA
UQSIM BI-YAWM AL-QIYAMAH;
WA-LAA UQSIM BI-AN-NAFSAL-LAWWAAMAH
I do
call to witness the Resurrection Day;
And I do call to witness the
self-reproaching Spirit.
SURA 78.–THE NEWS [XXXVII.]
In the Name of God, the
Compassionate, the Merciful
Of what ask they of one another?
Of the great NEWS.1
The theme of their disputes.
Nay! they shall certainly knows its truth!
Again. Nay! they shall certainly know it.
Surah 78:1-5, The News
1. Of the Resurrection.
J. M. Rodwell, The Koran
(J. M. Rodwell,
The Koran, Charles E Tuttle Co.)
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DIVINE
FEMININE: |
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The
Ruh Of Allah
(Hinduism)
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The
Ruh Of Allah
(Christianity)
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The
Ruh Of Allah
(Judaism)
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The
Ruh Of Allah (Buddhism)
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External
Links:
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Islam
And The Divine Feminine
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Desperately
Seeking Spirituality
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Chapter
On Al-Ruh The Spirit
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Pre-Islam
Arabia Goddess Worship
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"Rouh
= Soul?
This is the single biggest misconception that people
have made which helped distort the issue of 'who we
are'.
In Arabia, when someone dies, the people say: 'let us
pray on his Rouh!'
Also, when they speak about someone dying, the say:
'his Rouh has left him'.
In schools, they teach our kids that the 'Soul' is the
'Rouh' and that is what will die and be judged and
punished or rewarded...
However, the story changes when we look at what GOD
has to say:
"GOD takes the 'Nafs' when death comes, and also
at the time of sleep..." (39:42)
"No 'Nafs' dies except by GOD's leave, at a
predetermined time..." (3:145)
"Every 'Nafs' tastes death, then you receive your
recompense on the Day of Resurrection..." (3:185)
"...You shall not kill the 'Nafs' that GOD has
made sacred, except in the course of justice..."
(6:151)
"...she said: my Lord, I have wronged my 'Nafs"..."
(27:16)
Well, you get the picture!
GOD tells us that our 'Soul' is called 'Nafs', and
that this 'Nafs' is what is taken at death and what is
judged on j-day (then rewarded or punished). The 'Nafs'
is YOU, it is your entire being, it is your slate,
which is burdened or lightened by your actions...
So, if the 'Soul' is the 'Nafs', then what is the Rouh?
Rouh = Spirit.
"While a barrier separated her from them, we sent
to her Our 'Rouh'. He went to her in the form of a
human being." (19:17)
"They ask you about the 'Rouh'. Say: 'The 'Rouh'
comes from my Lord. And you were not given knowledge,
except little." (Quran 17:85)
It becomes apparent to the reader that the 'Rouh' is
from GOD and it is the accumulation of 'knowledge'
that will assist the human being in his life...It is
best described as 'Spirit'.
You see, animals also have 'Nafs' just like we do (it
is their life-force), yet, you do not see monkeys
building spaceships nor turtles working on computers!
The 'Rouh' is the gift that GOD gave to our species to
allow us the advantage of 'knowledge'.
"Once I perfect him (the human), and blow into
him from My 'Rouh', you shall fall prostrate before
him." (15:29)
All animals can communicate with one another (remember
the birds speaking to Solomon?). However, it is only
man that has 'knowledge'.
The 'Rouh' is GOD's gift to us, and it is only GOOD.
The information that the 'Rouh' provides each of us is
to be used for our benefit, but we have the 'choice'
to use it for evil (like nuclear fission being used to
make a bomb).
Some unfortunate news about the 'Rouh': It will NEVER
approach you and save the day. for example, you are
struggling to understand something. If you don't ask
GOD for help, it won't go; "hey, here is the
answer!" no, you have to approach it. Also, it
will always be LITERAL. you will have to be specific
of what you are asking. Note, you don't have to say
this out loud. You can just think of it - because many
times, humans have hard time expressing what exactly
they want to ask. With the spirit of god, you don't
have to worry about this - as long as you get the
intention of asking, the spirit will know the
question...as much as you wanted to ask and that ALONE
(though it knows all the questions you know - it is
not going to answer anything you did not ask).
Thus if we can summarize what we have upto this point.
The human being so far is made-up of:
1. The 'Soul' - Nafs (the is YOU, the real person,
what makes choices and what will be judged);
2. The 'Spirit' - Rouh (this is a gift from GOD, it is
NOT yours, you do not own it, all people have access
to it - like the Quran. It's purpose is to help
provide answers and knowledge to help your Soul make
the right decisions). . . .
The best Islam is within you - the spirit of GOD (Rouh'u
Allah) is within you. There is no such thing that
truth lies outside of you. The ultimate truth lies
within you. Please, take advantage of that blessing.
It will be your ultimate weapon against falsehood."
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"By
the token of time (through the Ages), man is in a
state of loss, except those who truly believe, act
correctly and act together in mutual counsel of Truth
and patience' (Al - Asr 103).
The Islamic calendar does not start with the birth or
the death of a person, but with an event, the
migration of believers from oppression to freedom,
freedom to practice 'submission to the will of God' in
order to attain peace within and around. The advent of
Prophet Jesus (Alaih Salaam-peace be upon him) was
similarly an epochal event in the history of
humankind. The Qur'an calls him a 'sign', a 'mercy', a
'witness' and an 'example'. He is Messiah, Messenger,
Prophet, Servant, Word and Spirit of God. The calendar
may not be exactly precise but the millennium can
serve as an important point of reference in the Divine
scheme of message and revelation. And take us into the
future.
The future is very dear to us. Even if it has not
arrived yet, the future is already in our thoughts. On
the other hand, the past is a collection of good and
bad experience, its use is in shaping the present and
shaping the future. . . .
Muhammad, (SAWS - Allah's Mercy & Peace be upon
him), task, defined in the Qur'an, is to be 'a giver
of the glad tidings as well as a warner'. The Our'an
reminds us of nations who were destroyed - because
they had rebelled and disobeyed - and gives us a
glimpse of the life in hereafter of people who do good
and who love and obey God. In the scheme of divine
revelation, the past, present and the future are one
continuum. . . .
In Islam service to humanity is a function of their
duty towards God. The Qur'an says: 'And from among you
there must be a society, community or party that
should invite people to all that is good and enjoin
the doing of all that is right and forbid the doing of
all that is wrong.' (Ali-'Imran, 3:104)
In inviting people to goodness and forbidding from the
wrong, Muslims will need to join hands with other
believers who share a great deal of these values about
good and bad and about right and wrong. The conflicts
that we witness today are not conflicts between
religions, they are conflicts of irreligion.
Therefore, those who believe in God and know the right
from the wrong - Jews, Christians and Muslims,
especially - can join together to build a not a
perfect, but an incomparably better world than we live
in today: a society of neighbors who are just and fair
to each other.
The second half of the millennium has seen two world
and several local wars. It saw nuclear incineration of
entire populations. It invented a savage new crime
against humanity: ethnic cleansing. The new millennium
ought to be different. Let the people of faith and
goodwill work together to turn it into a thousand
years of peace and prosperity, love and mutuality.
Prophet Muhammad, (SAWS - Allah's Mercy & Peace
be upon him), has foretold that 'after many years of
bad times, an era will come when humanity will
re-commit itself to God and there will be peace and
prosperity in the whole world.'
On the threshold of the next millennium, Muslims have
a duty towards the world and towards the fellow
humans. It is their unilateral obligation to invite
others, and to work together in building a better and
a peaceful world: a world which is free from
oppression and exploitation, where rights are a
reality and where justice prevails over hypocrisy."
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Dr. Shahid Athar , Millennium -
An Islamic Perspective
(Millennium & Religions Conference. Chicago,
Nov 20, 1995)
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"Verse
3:81, among many other verses, provides the
definitions of "Nabi" (Prophet) and "Rasoul"
(Messenger). Thus, "Nabi" is a messenger of
God who delivers a new scripture, while "Rasoul"
is a messenger commissioned by God to confirm existing
scripture; he does not bring a new scripture.
According to the Quran, every "Nabi" is a
"Rasoul," but not every "Rasoul"
is a "Nabi." Not every messenger was given a
new scripture. It is not logical that God will give a
scripture to a prophet, then ask him to keep it
exclusively for himself, as stated by some Muslim
"scholars" (2:42, 146, 159). Those who are
not sufficiently familiar with the Quran tend to think
that Aaron was a "Nabi," as stated in 19:53,
who did not receive a scripture. However, the Quran
clearly states that the Torah was given specifically
"to both Moses and Aaron" (21:48, 37:117).
We learn from the Quran, 33:40, that Muhammad was the
last prophet (Nabi), but not the last messenger (Rasoul):
"Muhammad was not the father of any of your men;
he was a messenger (Rasoul) of God and the last
prophet (Nabi)." [ 33:40 ] . . .
The mission of God's Messenger of the Covenant is to
confirm existing scriptures, purify them, and
consolidate them into one divine message. The Quran
states that such a messenger is charged with restoring
God's message to its pristine purity, to lead the
righteous believers - Jews, Christians, Muslims,
Buddhists, Sikhs, Hindus, and others - out of
darkness into the light (5:19 & 65:11)."
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Mahmoud
M. Ayoub
World Religions:
The Islamic Tradition
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"Parakletos
This is a distinctive Johannine term for the Holy
Spirit, found nowhere else in the New Testament apart
from 1 John, although it is important to note that the
two terms, Holy Spirit and Paraclete (anglicized
version) are synonymous - in 14.26, both terms are
used, clearly of the same Being. There are 5
paraclete passages, all occurring in the 'Farewell
Discourses' of Chs 14-16. Specifically they are
14:15-17; 14:26; 15.26; 16:7-11 and possibly 16:12-15.
The choice of the term Paraclete, however, is so
distinctive as to warrant special study in any
consideration of John's distinctive treatment of the
Holy Spirit.
The gender of parakletos is masculine as opposed to
the neuter of Holy Spirit. Some have suggested that
this is significant, with 'Holy Spirit' being some
'impersonal force' whose nature is revealed as the
term 'Parakletos' is used "... (parakletos) tends to
remove the Spirit from the sphere of abstract,
impersonal force into that of personality." Barrett p
77. However, it's worth noting that the Holy Spirit
is always referred to as 'He' even in Pneuma passages,
and it's clear from verses like 14:26 that the
personal characteristics of the Paraclete are also
those of Pneuma. Despite Barrett's claim that "None
of the earlier references in the gospel to the Spirit
show the same measure of personalization as to the
last discourses.", and that " .. a simple
consecutiveness of thought is not to be looked for in
John's writing." it does not appear to me (or to many
other scholars) that there is any fundamental
contradiction in the presentation of Paraclete and
Pneuma, although there may be some development of
concepts and thought.
The meaning of the work parakletos is
debatable. Literally, it means 'one called to the
side of another' (W F Howard 'Christianity according
to St John'), and is used also in 1 Jn 2:1, where it's
meaning is Advocate. Where I come from (Guernsey),
this is the word we use for a lawyer or barrister, and
we have already seen in the Eschatology and Judgement
section that there is a lot of 'courtroom' terminology
in John; Ladd points out that the usage of the term is
not all courtroom, however. In the King James
Version (as anyone who has ever used the Church Anthem
Book will know) the word is translated as (another)
Comforter. Nice, though this translation is, it
is misleading, so Bultmann states that 'comforter' is
not quite the role suggested by John Chs 14-16. R
Brown states that consolation is the 'context' of the
role, not the substance of it. I'm not so sure. I
think the usage of the word 'Comforter' has altered
since the 16th/17th Century. After all, the 23rd
Psalm talks of 'Thy rod and thy staff they comfort
me'. Now, I'm not sure when you were last 'comforted'
by a rod or staff, dears, but the expression, to me,
does not conjure up a very 'conventional' idea of what
we would mean by 'comforting' - certainly in the
social-worker sense! I suspect that the word implies
a mixture of consolation, encouragement, exhortation
and downright chivying which seems to me to be very
characteristic of the Paraclete in Chs 14-16.
However!
Another suggested translation of parakletos is
Intercessor. This suggestion is rejected by both
Brown and Bultmann, for good reasons. The
intercessory role is played by Jesus in the 4th
Gospel. The Holy Spirit does not intercede. Rather,
he takes what is of Jesus, and passes it on. He
'bears witness' to Jesus.
Bultmann argues for the the term Revealer - in
connection with Gnostic Redeemer myths, with their
saviours who 'reveal' the way to heaven - self
knowledge for the Gnostic, knowledge of the Redeemer
Christ, for the the 4th Evangelist. Naturally, many
scholars want to question whether there is dependence
(or even response to) Gnostic myth. There is more
support for A Hunter's suggestion of Helper but even
this is often considered too general (e.g. Brown).
Ladd suggests that Mediator (melits Hb) best
sums up the role of the Paraclete - it also means
Teacher. The word is found in Job 33:23, the Qumran
writings and the Aramaic targum of Job. Ladd suggests
that these terms best express the roles of the
Paraclete in the Last Supper Discourses. "There is
therefore a background in Jewish thought for combining
the roles of advocacy and instruction." Schnackenburg,
Dodd and Brown would agree that this term best sums up
the "complex role of the Paraclete." although for me
it does not do justice to the 'courtroom theme' of the
gospel as a whole.
So we return to Advocate. This certainly fits the
picture of the Paraclete aiding the disciples under
persecution, as in the Synoptics. It also fits the
picture painted in Ch 16 of the Paraclete acting as
the 'prosecution' - convicting the world of sin,
righteousness and judgement, and acting as the
continuing presence of Jesus, who, of course, did this
in Israel during his earthly ministry. Sanders and
Mostin add to this courtroom terminology with their
suggestion of Strengthener or Champion, as in the
character witnesses who plead cases for the defendant.
The role of the Paraclete in helping the disciples
defend themselves against false accusations seems to
bear this out. Barrett describes the courtroom
scenario of John as "a lawsuit of cosmic dimension."
Rabbinic literature uses the word sunegoros (Gk) as
a synonym for parakletos . It means
'vindicator', (See Jn 16:8-11) This would bear out
the courtroom usage, although some scholars point out
that the role of the Holy Spirit is more adversarial
(that is, the prosecution or accuser) - although this
is only in the context of 'The World'. It seems that
John may wish to present both aspects of the
Paraclete's role, to vindicate Christ is to
stand as accuser of the world which condemned
Him."
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www.homepage.ntlworld.com
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""The
term "Spirit" translates the Hebrew word ruah, which, in its
primary sense, means breath, air, wind. Jesus indeed uses the sensory
image of the wind to suggest to Nicodemus the transcendent newness of him
who is personally God's breath, the divine Spirit."(Jn 3:5-8.)"
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J.
Cardinal Ratzinger,
Catechism of the
Catholic Church, 1994,
p. 182.)
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"It
is only now you are experiencing
the vibrations confirming your faith. While your
teachings from the church may be based on truth, and
deeply meaningful, they alone did not and cannot bring
you to the point of Self-Realization. Or it would have
happened already. This is the point that All religions
are dead so to speak. The doors of Heaven have been
closed tightly for along time. So there are many
spiritual teachings based on universal
truth, but the point again is their devotees are not
achieving the promise of any of the teachings. Be it
Taoism, Buddhism, or Christianity. The reason is Grace
is absent from them. The Grace of
the Master, the Living one, who bestows the blessing
of Heaven. So it
is not just your church, it is all of them lacking in
Pure Knowledge of how to obtain the Grace for the
devotee. They are equally ignorant. All there is words
they have to give...
The ultimate for any individual is to experience the
true Baptism, that is a returning home to the Heavenly
realms for a visit to our Celestial Parents in the
Unconscious. Shri Kundalini will ultimately lead one
there, it is a process. But an individual in this
world is free to believe whatever they wish...no one
has the right to tell you what to believe. Beyond
belief is Knowledge, Pure Knowledge, where belief is
not even necessary, and hardly exists. Then one Knows
for oneself what is and what isn't."
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""Both of the major Hebrew and English
dictionaries in use today include this definition, or one that goes very
far towards it, among those appropriate for rûah. Gesenius's lexicon
edited by Brown, Driver, and Briggs lists this as the fourth meaning of
rûah: "spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the flesh
of men and animals." Under this entry, references are cited which
more properly ought to be listed under this lexicon's first meaning of
rûah, "breath," including many that have been cited above: Isa
42:5; Zech 12:1; Ps 104:29-30; Job 12:10, 27:3, 34:14-15; Qh 11:5,
12:7.(5) In their lexicon, Koehler and Baumgartner list this understanding
as the sixth meaning of rûah: "(breath, element of life, natural) spirit
of man." "
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Professor Theodore
Hiebert
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"The basic idea of rual (Gr.
pneuma)
is air in motion," from air which cannot come between
a crocodile's scales (Job 41:16 (H 8]) to the blast of
a storm (Isa 25:4; Hab 1: 11 ASV, RSV). The "four
winds," ruhot, describe the four quarters or four
directions of the world (Jer 49:36; Ezk 37:9). In
living beings the ruah is their breath, whether of
animals (Gen 7:15; Ps 104:25, 29), men (Isa 42:5; Ezk
37:5), or both (Gen 7:22-23); whether inhaled (Jer
2:24) or on the lips (Isa 11:4; cf. Job 9:18; contrast
dead idols, Jer 10:14; 51:17). God creates it: "The
ruah "spirit" [s] of God (from God) is in my nostrils"
(Job 27:3)." ... "Ruah comes finally to denote the
entire immaterial consciousness of man: "With my
spirit within me I will seek you earnestly" (Isa
26:9);'a wise man "rules his spirit" (Prov 16:32; cf.
Dan 5:20), and "in his spirit there is no guile" (Ps
32:2). While the OT generally treats man as a whole
(see nepesh -soul," often rendered simply as "self"),
it also recognizes his essential dualism (A. B.
Davidson, The Theology of the OT, P. 202). Flesh and
spirit combine to form the "self," so that while man
may be said to have a Ruah he is a nepesh (yet he is
sometimes said to possess a nepesh, which departs from
his body at death). The Ruah is contained with its
bodily nidneh 'sheath' (Dan 7:15, Aramaic; cf. Zech
12; 1). At death the body returns to dust, but the
immortal spirit returns to God who gave it (Gen 3:19;
Eccl 12:7). In this regard ruah and nepesh, here
meaning distinctly "soul," tend to overlap (Job 7:11
Isa 26:9; cf. Ex 6:9 with Num 21:4; RTWB, P. 234).
This differs from liberal theology, which tends to
limit ruah to an impersonal vital power that becomes
individualized only in the nepesh. Thus it claims that
the soul cannot exist independently of the body, i.e.
that when the ruah or ,-Power" departs (Eccl 12:7),
the person ceases. to exist (L. Kdhler, Old Testament
Theology, p. 145, opposed by Davidson, op. cit., pp.
200-201). Yet both nepesh and ruah may leave the body
at death and exist in a state separate from it'(Gen
35:K Ps 86:13; cf. I Kgs 17:22 on the rare case of a
soul's return to its body). On a higher plane, ruah
may then designate a supernatural, angelic being, "a
spirit from God" (I Sam 16:23, NASB). The function may
be revelatory (Job 4:16[?]; cf. Zech 1:9, 19 [H 1:9;
2:21, mal'ak, q.v). Or, appropriately, God might have
his angels serve as ruhot "winds" (Ps 104:4, not
"spirits"; Heb 1:7) or fire (cf. I Kgs 19:11-12).
Satan is -the great, accusing spirit" (I Kgs 22:2 1).
Other evil spirits could fall upon men, as decreed by
God (I Sam 16:14 18: 10; 19:9). The preeminent example
of spiritual personality is God (Isa 31:3). Ruah can
exhibit a range of meaning. The "breath" of God may be
a strong wind (Isa 40:7; 59:19; cf. Num 11:31). His
"spirit" may indicate no more than active power or
mood Isa 40:13, "Who hath directed the spirit
[intention] of the Lord?" or, "who has known the mind
[intention] of the Lord," SO Lxx and I Cor 2:16). At
most points, however, context approves and the analogy
of the NT strongly suggests that the ruah YHWH is the
Holy Spirit, "in the fullest Christian sense"
(Theological Workbook of the Old Testament, R. Laird
Harris, Vol 2, page 836-7)"
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"We
will now take a look at how the third person in the
Trinity took its place in the Godhead. The word
"spirit" as it is used by the Christians, had it's
origin in the Hebrew word ruah which means
"sigh" or "breath". The fact that Judaism is still
today a strictly monotheistic religion, unlike the
disguised polytheism of Christianity, shows that the
word ruah does not designate a person distinct
from God. The word is used to mean a divine influence
or inspiration, a sign of God's presence.
Paul translated the Hebrew ruah to the Greek
pneuma which means "breeze", "wind" "air" or
"breath". Paul's understanding of the word pneuma
does not extend to a distinct person of the Godhead.
But he did stretch the meaning of original Hebrew
concept to encompass a kind of divine atmosphere that
fills the entire existence of Christians. Paul was
also fond of adding the adjective "holy" (Greek:
hagion) to spirit. Hence the Christian term "Holy
Spirit". [1] It is important to note
that nowhere in the Bible is the Holy Spirit defined a
God."
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"The
meaning of "spirit" in the Old Testament
The many meanings of the Hebrew term ruah, used
in the Bible to designate the Spirit, seem to give
rise to some confusion. Indeed. in a given text, it is
often not possible to determine the exact meaning of
the word. One might waver between wind and breath,
between breath and spirit, or between created spirit
and the divine Spirit.
This multiplicity, however. has a certain
wealth, for it establishes a fruitful
communication between so many realities. In this
regard it is better to give up in part the pretences
of neat reasoning in order to embrace broader
perspectives. When we think of the Holy Spirit, it is
useful to remember that his biblica1 name means
"breath", and that it is related to the powerful
blowing of the wind and to our own intimate breathing.
Rather than clinging to an over-intellectual and arid
concept, we will find it helpful to take in this
wealth of images and facts. Translations,
unfortunately are unable to convey them to us
completely, for they are often obliged to choose other
terms. To render the Hebrew word ruah, the
Greek translation of the Septuagint uses twenty-four
different terms and so does not permit one to see all
the connections between the texts of the Hebrew Bible.
To end this terminological analysis of the Old
Testament texts concerning ruah, we can say
that the breath of God appears in them as the power
that gives life to creatures. It
appears as a profound reality of God
which works deep within man.It appears
as a manifestation of God's dynamism which is
communicated to creatures.
Though not yet understood as a distinct Person
in the context of the divine being, the "breath" or
"Spirit" of God is distinguishable in some way from
the God who sends it to operate in creatures. Thus,
even from the literary point of view the human mind is
gradually prepared to receive the revelation of the
Person of the Holy Spirit who will appear as the
expression of God's intimate life and omnipotence."
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